Sunday, July 20, 2014

The Power of Huacas: Change and Resistance in the Andean World of Colonial Peru


Claudia Brosseder’s book portrays pre-Columbian religion as the unifying factor among Peru’s natives. The term Huaca (wak’a in the original language) means “sacred object” or some inanimate structure, like a burial mound, where spirits were thought to reside. It’s not exclusive to Peru; other cultures, like Japanese Shinto, had similar animistic beliefs. But in this case, it was more significant because it allowed the people to keep some independence under colonialism.

From the start, Brosseder makes clear that Peru’s natives weren’t all swayed by Christianity. It was introduced by their Spanish Conquistadores, and since the natives had no rights, Christianity didn’t seem very welcoming either. Indigenous religion continued into the 1600’s, but the Jesuits made efforts to lure the people away from it. Unlike the Franciscans, the Jesuits permitted local religious customs along with Christian ones, so they weren’t entirely averse to animistic beliefs.  However, they did use sneaky tactics with the natives, such as offering rewards to those that were cooperative with the missionaries and using them to influence others.

The author discusses other reasons for Spain’s proselytizing in Peru, such as the protestant versus Catholic conflict in Europe. With Catholic Spain fighting Protestant-led forces in the Netherlands, perhaps Spain’s Bishops saw Latin America as a recruiting ground. But at the same time, Spain was also the nation that had a violent Inquisition, and that didn’t offer much encouragement. If Spanish speaking Priests wanted to stamp out the belief in demons, then violent sermons would not have been much help.

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